Introduction
A Student Management System (SMS) is an essential tool for educational institutions, making it easier to manage student information, including admission details, attendance, grades, and other records. Whether you’re a college administrator, teacher, or student, keeping track of numerous students manually can be a daunting task. That’s where technology, specifically a Python-based solution, can help.
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Table of Contents
Student Management System in Python With Source Code
Features
Before diving into the code, let’s explore some essential features of a Student Management System:
- Adding Student Details: Input student information like name, age, student ID, and class.
- Updating Student Information: Modify existing student records when needed.
- Deleting Student Records: Remove students who have graduated or left the institution.
- Displaying All Student Records: View the entire list of students in a neatly formatted manner.
- Searching for a Specific Student: Quickly find a student by ID or name.
Getting Started
- Install Python: Download and install the latest version of Python from python.org.
- Set up an IDE: I recommend using PyCharm or VS Code. These tools offer helpful features like syntax highlighting and debugging.
- Install SQLite: If you’re using SQLite, make sure it’s installed on your system. Alternatively, Python’s
sqlite3
library can manage the database directly.
Step-by-Step Guide to Building
1. Creating the Project Structure
Start by creating a new Python project. The structure should include:
student_management.py
: The main Python script.students.db
: A SQLite database to store records.
2. Designing the User Interface
You have two options: build a simple GUI with Tkinter or keep things minimalist with a console-based interface.
For a basic text-based interface, you’ll use Python’s input()
and print()
functions to interact with users.
3. Coding the Main Functionalities (CRUD)
CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, Delete — the four basic functions of data management.
4. Connecting the Database
We’ll use Python’s sqlite3
module to connect and interact with the SQLite database.
import sqlite3
# Create a connection to the database
conn = sqlite3.connect('students.db')
c = conn.cursor()
# Create table
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students
(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER, grade TEXT)''')
conn.commit()
conn.close()
Adding Student Details
def add_student(name, age, grade):
conn = sqlite3.connect('students.db')
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, age, grade) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", (name, age, grade))
conn.commit()
conn.close()
name = input("Enter student name: ")
age = int(input("Enter student age: "))
grade = input("Enter student grade: ")
add_student(name, age, grade)
Displaying All Student Records
def view_students():
conn = sqlite3.connect('students.db')
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute("SELECT * FROM students")
rows = c.fetchall()
for row in rows:
print(f"ID: {row[0]}, Name: {row[1]}, Age: {row[2]}, Grade: {row[3]}")
conn.close()
view_students()
Searching for a Student
def search_student(student_id):
conn = sqlite3.connect('students.db')
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute("SELECT * FROM students WHERE id=?", (student_id,))
student = c.fetchone()
if student:
print(f"ID: {student[0]}, Name: {student[1]}, Age: {student[2]}, Grade: {student[3]}")
else:
print("Student not found")
conn.close()
student_id = int(input("Enter student ID to search: "))
search_student(student_id)
Updating Student Information
def update_student(student_id, name, age, grade):
conn = sqlite3.connect('students.db')
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute("UPDATE students SET name=?, age=?, grade=? WHERE id=?", (name, age, grade, student_id))
conn.commit()
conn.close()
student_id = int(input("Enter student ID to update: "))
name = input("Enter new name: ")
age = int(input("Enter new age: "))
grade = input("Enter new grade: ")
update_student(student_id, name, age, grade)
Deleting a Student Record
def delete_student(student_id):
conn = sqlite3.connect('students.db')
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute("DELETE FROM students WHERE id=?", (student_id,))
conn.commit()
conn.close()
student_id = int(input("Enter student ID to delete: "))
delete_student(student_id)
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