SQL WHERE Clause in SQL DML Statements

SQL WHERE Clause in DML Statements

The WHERE clause in SQL is an essential part of Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements. While not mandatory, it plays a crucial role in filtering records and refining query results. It restricts the rows affected by SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements so only the required data is processed.

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Syntax of the WHERE Clause

SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE [condition];

The WHERE clause is placed immediately after FROM and before ORDER BY or GROUP BY.

Conditional Operators

• = Equal to
• > Greater than, < Less than
• >= / <= Greater/Less than or equal
• <> Not equal to
• BETWEEN, LIKE, IN ÔÇö range, pattern, and list matching
• AND, OR, NOT ÔÇö combine conditions

Example 1: WHERE in SELECT

SELECT emp_name, department, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > 60000;

Example 2: WHERE in UPDATE

UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + 5000
WHERE department = 'IT';

Example 3: WHERE in DELETE

DELETE FROM employees
WHERE department = 'HR';

Combining Conditions Example

SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE department = 'IT' AND salary BETWEEN 50000 AND 80000;

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Conclusion

The WHERE clause refines queries to make them efficient and precise. By applying conditions and combining operators, you control which rows are affected by SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE. Mastering it is essential for effective database management. For more SQL tutorials, stay connected with .

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