SQL INSERT STATEMENT

SQL INSERT STATEMENT

The SQL INSERT statement is used to add data to a table. It allows users to insert either a single record or multiple records into a table.

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Ways to Insert Data into a Table:

1. Using SQL INSERT INTO statement
   • By specifying column names
   • Without specifying column names
2. Using SQL INSERT INTO SELECT statement

1) Inserting Data Directly into a Table

The INSERT INTO statement is used to add records to a table. There are two methods for inserting values:

Method 1: Without Specifying Column Names

In this method, column names are not specified. Only the values to be inserted are provided.

INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3....);

Method 2: With Specified Column Names

In this method, the column names and their corresponding values are specified.

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3....)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3.....);

Example:

Consider a table STUDENTS and insert five records into it.

INSERT INTO STUDENTS (ROLL_NO, NAME, AGE, CITY)
VALUES (1, 'RAHUL', 23, 'MUMBAI');

INSERT INTO STUDENTS (ROLL_NO, NAME, AGE, CITY)
VALUES (2, 'PRIYA', 21, 'BANGALORE');

INSERT INTO STUDENTS (ROLL_NO, NAME, AGE, CITY)
VALUES (3, 'KARAN', 22, 'HYDERABAD');

INSERT INTO STUDENTS (ROLL_NO, NAME, AGE, CITY)
VALUES (4, 'SIMRAN', 20, 'PUNE');

INSERT INTO STUDENTS (ROLL_NO, NAME, AGE, CITY)
VALUES (5, 'ARJUN', 24, 'CHENNAI');

Final Table Output:

Another way to add a record to the CUSTOMERS table:

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS
VALUES (6, 'ANITA', 25, 'KOCHI');

Updated Table Output:

2) Inserting Data Through SELECT Statement

The INSERT INTO SELECT statement is used to copy data from one table to another.

SQL Syntax:

INSERT INTO table_name
[(column1, column2, .... column)]
SELECT column1, column2, .... Column N
FROM another_table [WHERE condition];

Important Notes:

• Ensure that the data types of the columns match the values being inserted.
• Follow any integrity constraints, such as unique and not null constraints, defined for the table.

Example:

Suppose we have an OLD_STUDENTS table containing existing student records and want to copy some of them into NEW_STUDENTS.

INSERT INTO NEW_STUDENTS (ROLL_NO, NAME, AGE, CITY)
SELECT ROLL_NO, NAME, AGE, CITY
FROM OLD_STUDENTS
WHERE AGE > 22;

This query will insert only students older than 22 from OLD_STUDENTS into NEW_STUDENTS.

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Conclusion

The SQL INSERT statement is an essential command for adding records to a table. Whether inserting single or multiple records, using INSERT INTO with or without column names, or copying data with INSERT INTO SELECT, these methods are useful for handling database operations.

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