SQL AND Condition in SQL Queries
SQL AND Condition
The SQL AND
condition is a powerful operator used in SQL queries to ensure that multiple conditions must be met simultaneously. It is commonly used in SELECT
, INSERT
, UPDATE
, and DELETE
statements.
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Syntax for SQL AND:
SELECT columns FROM tables WHERE condition_1 AND condition_2;
The AND
condition requires both conditions to be true for the record to be included in the results.
Additionally, the AND
condition can be used to join multiple tables in an SQL statement.
To better understand its application, let’s consider an example with an employees
table that contains the following data:
Sample Employee Table
ID | First_Name | Last_Name | Department | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rahul | Sharma | HR | Mumbai |
2 | Neha | Verma | IT | Delhi |
3 | Aditya | Joshi | IT | Bangalore |
4 | Priya | Mehta | IT | Bangalore |
5 | Rakesh | Sinha | Marketing | Pune |
6 | Anjali | Gupta | Finance | Kolkata |
7 | Suman | Das | Finance | Kolkata |
SQL AND with SELECT Statement
Example 1: Retrieving Employees in IT Department Located in Bangalore
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE Department = 'IT' AND Location = 'Bangalore';
Output:
ID | First_Name | Last_Name | Department | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 | Aditya | Joshi | IT | Bangalore |
4 | Priya | Mehta | IT | Bangalore |
Here, only two employees match both conditions: belonging to the IT department and being located in Bangalore.
Example 2: Retrieving Employees in IT Department Located in Delhi
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE Department = 'IT' AND Location = 'Delhi';
Output:
ID | First_Name | Last_Name | Department | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | Neha | Verma | IT | Delhi |
Only one employee in the IT department is located in Delhi, so only one record is returned.
SQL AND with UPDATE Statement
Example 1: Updating Employee’s Location from Pune to Hyderabad in the Marketing Department
UPDATE employees SET Location = 'Hyderabad' WHERE Department = 'Marketing' AND First_Name = 'Rakesh';
Verifying the Update
SELECT * FROM employees;
Updated Table:
ID | First_Name | Last_Name | Department | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rahul | Sharma | HR | Mumbai |
2 | Neha | Verma | IT | Delhi |
3 | Aditya | Joshi | IT | Bangalore |
4 | Priya | Mehta | IT | Bangalore |
5 | Rakesh | Sinha | Marketing | Hyderabad |
6 | Anjali | Gupta | Finance | Kolkata |
7 | Suman | Das | Finance | Kolkata |
Example 2: Updating Employee’s Department from Finance to HR
UPDATE employees SET Department = 'HR' WHERE Department = 'Finance' AND ID = 7;
Verifying the Update
SELECT * FROM employees;
Updated Table:
ID | First_Name | Last_Name | Department | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rahul | Sharma | HR | Mumbai |
2 | Neha | Verma | IT | Delhi |
3 | Aditya | Joshi | IT | Bangalore |
4 | Priya | Mehta | IT | Bangalore |
5 | Rakesh | Sinha | Marketing | Hyderabad |
6 | Anjali | Gupta | Finance | Kolkata |
7 | Suman | Das | HR | Kolkata |
SQL AND with DELETE Statement
Example 1: Deleting an Employee with Last Name ‘Das’ and Located in Kolkata
DELETE FROM employees WHERE Last_Name = 'Das' AND Location = 'Kolkata';
Verifying the Deletion
SELECT * FROM employees;
Updated Table:
ID | First_Name | Last_Name | Department | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rahul | Sharma | HR | Mumbai |
2 | Neha | Verma | IT | Delhi |
3 | Aditya | Joshi | IT | Bangalore |
4 | Priya | Mehta | IT | Bangalore |
5 | Rakesh | Sinha | Marketing | Hyderabad |
6 | Anjali | Gupta | Finance | Kolkata |
The employee with the last name ‘Das’ and location ‘Kolkata’ has been successfully deleted.
Example 2: Deleting an Employee from IT Department Located in Delhi
DELETE FROM employees WHERE Department = 'IT' AND Location = 'Delhi';
Verifying the Deletion
SELECT * FROM employees;
Updated Table:
ID | First_Name | Last_Name | Department | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rahul | Sharma | HR | Mumbai |
3 | Aditya | Joshi | IT | Bangalore |
4 | Priya | Mehta | IT | Bangalore |
5 | Rakesh | Sinha | Marketing | Hyderabad |
6 | Anjali | Gupta | Finance | Kolkata |
Since only one employee in the IT department was located in Delhi, only that record was deleted.
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Conclusion
The SQL AND
condition is crucial for filtering records based on multiple conditions. It ensures that only those records that meet all specified criteria are retrieved, updated, or deleted. Using AND
effectively can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of your SQL queries.
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