Node.js Web Module Tutorial - HTTP Server Guide 2024

Node.js Web Module

What is a Web Server?

A Web Server is a software application that processes HTTP requests sent by clients such as web browsers and responds with web content, typically HTML pages, along with resources like images, CSS, and JavaScript files.

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Web servers often support server-side scripting, allowing them to run scripts that perform tasks like database queries or complex logic before returning results to the client. In some setups, web servers forward these requests to an application server that handles business logic and returns processed data to the client through the web server.

One of the most widely used web servers is Apache, an open-source project that has been a cornerstone of web hosting for decades.

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Web Application Architecture

A typical web application architecture is structured into four key layers:

Client Layer:
This layer includes web browsers, mobile browsers, or applications that send HTTP requests to the web server.
Server Layer:
The web server resides here. It intercepts incoming client requests and responds with the appropriate content.
Business Layer:
The application server belongs to this layer. It performs processing tasks, interacts with databases or external systems, and prepares the data to be sent back via the web server.
Data Layer:
This layer includes databases or other data sources that store and provide information required by the business layer.

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Node.js Web Layer

Node.js simplifies the creation of web servers with its built-in HTTP module, allowing developers to set up a fully functional server using minimal code.

Below is an example of how to create a simple web server using Node.js:

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var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');
var url = require('url');

http.createServer(function (request, response) {
   var pathname = url.parse(request.url).pathname;

   console.log("Request for " + pathname + " received.");

   // Serve index.html for root request
   if (pathname === "/" || pathname === "/index.html") {
      pathname = "/index.html";
   }

   // Ignore favicon.ico requests
   if (pathname === "/favicon.ico") {
      response.writeHead(204); // No Content
      return response.end();
   }

   fs.readFile(pathname.substr(1), function (err, data) {
      if (err) {
         console.log(err);
         response.writeHead(404, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'});
         response.write("<h1>404 Not Found</h1>");
      } else {
         response.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'});
         response.write(data.toString());
      }
      response.end();
   });
}).listen(8081);

console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');

Creating a Sample HTML Page

In the same directory as your server.js file, create a new file named index.html and add the following content:

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<html>
<head>
   <title>Sample Page</title>
</head>
<body>
   Hello UpdateGadh!
</body>
</html>

Running the Server

Open the Node.js command prompt.
Navigate to the directory containing your server.js file.
Run the command: node server.js
Open your browser and visit:
http://127.0.0.1:8081/

You should see a web page displaying:

Hello UpdateGadh!

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