How to Convert List to Dictionary in Python

Convert List to Dictionary in Python

In Python, a dictionary is an unordered collection of mutable and indexed key-value pairs, whereas a list is an ordered and mutable collection of elements. Converting a list to a dictionary can be useful in various scenarios, such as organizing data efficiently or performing quick lookups. In this article, we’ll explore different methods to achieve this conversion in Python.

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Method 1: Using a Loop

Using a loop is one of the simplest methods for turning a list into a dictionary. This approach allows you to define the keys and values explicitly.

Example:

# List of fruits  
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']  
  
# Initialize an empty dictionary  
fruit_dict = {}  
  
# Populate the dictionary using a loop  
for idx, fruit in enumerate(fruits):  
    fruit_dict[idx] = fruit  
  
print(fruit_dict)

Output:

{0: 'apple', 1: 'banana', 2: 'cherry'}

In this example, the enumerate() function helps keep track of the index while iterating over the list, assigning each fruit to a corresponding numeric key.

Method 2: Using zip()

The zip() function provides an efficient way to combine multiple lists into key-value pairs, making it a quick method to convert lists to dictionaries.

Example:

# List of fruits and their prices  
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']  
prices = [1.00, 0.50, 1.50]  
  
# Convert lists to a dictionary using zip()  
fruit_dict = dict(zip(fruits, prices))  
  
print(fruit_dict)

Output:

{'apple': 1.0, 'banana': 0.5, 'cherry': 1.5}

Here, the zip() function pairs elements from both lists to create key-value pairs, where fruits act as keys and prices as values.

Method 3: Using Dictionary Comprehension

Python’s dictionary comprehension provides a concise and elegant way to convert a list to a dictionary, particularly when you need to apply transformations on elements.

Example:

# List of fruits  
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']  
  
# Convert list to a dictionary using dictionary comprehension  
fruit_dict = {fruit: len(fruit) for fruit in fruits}  
  
print(fruit_dict)

Output:

{'apple': 5, 'banana': 6, 'cherry': 6}

Dictionary comprehension generates key-value pairs in this example, where each fruit serves as a key and the fruit name’s length serves as its corresponding value.

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Conclusion

Converting a list to a dictionary in Python can be done in multiple ways, depending on the desired key-value structure and the complexity of operations. Whether you choose a loop, zip(), or dictionary comprehension, each method offers flexibility and efficiency for different use cases.

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