Node.js process.env Property

Node.js process.env Property

The process.env property in Node.js is a built-in feature that provides access to the user environment variables. It serves as the interface of the Node.js process module, allowing developers to retrieve, manipulate, and display environment data during application execution.

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Syntax

You can use the following syntax to display environment information:

process.env
// or
console.log(process.env);

Return Value:
This property returns an object containing the user environment variables.

Examples

Below are several examples demonstrating how to use the process.env property in Node.js.

Example 1

console.log("Node.js process.env Property");

// Node.js program to operate the process.env Property
// Use process module of the server
const process_data = require('process');

// Show the process.env property information
console.log(process.env);

Output:
Displays the complete set of environment variables available in the current Node.js process.

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Example 2

This example retrieves and prints all available environment variables and their values.

console.log("Node.js process.env Property");

// It contains the process module
const process = require('process');

// Printing process.env property value
var no_env = 0;
var env_var = process.env;

// Iterating through all returned data
for (var key in env_var) {
  console.log(key + " :\t\t\t " + env_var[key]);
  no_env++;
}

// Display count
console.log("Total no of values available = " + no_env);

// Access specific information
console.log("Operating system: " + env_var['OS']);
console.log("All user profile: " + env_var['ALLUSERSPROFILE']);
console.log("Public directory: " + env_var['PUBLIC']);

Output:
Displays all available environment variables along with their values.

Example 3

This example demonstrates how to add and delete environment data using process.env.

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console.log("Node.js process.env Property");

// It contains the process module
const process = require('process');

// Printing process.env property value
var env_proc = process.env;
console.log("Operating system: " + env_proc.OS);
console.log("All user profile: " + env_proc.ALLUSERSPROFILE);
console.log("Public directory: " + env_proc.PUBLIC);

// Setting new data
env_proc.getd = "updategadh custom data";
console.log("Stored in env.getd: " + env_proc.getd);

// Deleting the data
delete env_proc.getd;
console.log("Contain in env.getd: " + env_proc.getd);

Output:
Shows how environment variables can be dynamically created and removed during runtime.

Example 4

This example retrieves the system path and port information using process.env.

console.log("Node.js process.env Property");

// Basic process property
console.log(process.env);

// Get the path of the process
const PATH_process = process.env.PATH;

// Calling process.env for the port
const PORT_process = parseInt(process.env.PORT);

// Access one by one all the information
console.log("Process Path: " + PATH_process);
console.log("Process PORT: " + PORT_process);

Output:
Displays the process path and port information from the system environment variables.

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Conclusion

The process.env property in Node.js is a powerful and simple way to access and manage system environment variables. It allows developers to retrieve details such as OS type, paths, ports, and other configuration data directly from the environment. This functionality is essential for building configurable, secure, and flexible Node.js applications.

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